Note: This review is part of a series on the films of Jean-Luc Godard. Links to the other pieces are at the bottom of the review.
No one enjoys higher stature in the contemporary arts than an accomplished film director. As such, it’s sometimes easy to forget he or she is a human being, as prone to bad days and professional misfires as the rest of us. But I still can’t bring myself to forgive Jean-Luc Godard for Les Carabiniers. The filmmaker’s first four features–Breathless, Le Petit soldat, A Woman Is a Woman, and Vivre sa vie–are all exceptional films, and all the more impressive for Godard’s venturing into new stylistic territory with each one. Les Carabiniers, his fifth feature-length effort, ventures into new territory for him as well—it’s a combination of satire, black comedy, and slapstick farce—but it’s a remarkably ugly-minded film. Godard reveals himself as a class bigot, and his sneering attitude towards people he clearly regards as cultural inferiors manages to destroy one’s pleasure in the film’s better moments.
The title Les Carabiniers roughly translates as The Riflemen or The Infantrymen, but a more apt English-language title might be The Two Stooges Go to War. It takes place in an imaginary, unnamed country. Michelangelo (Albert Juross) and Ulysses (Marino Mase) are two poor farmers in the hinterlands who live and work on a small farm—one that’s pitiful even by the standard of southern Appalachian sharecroppers—with their wives Venus (Geneviève Galéa) and Cleopatra (Catherine Ribeiro). They are visited one day by military recruiters who deliver a letter from the king. The letter asks the two farmers to enlist as soldiers in the current war. The recruiters sweeten the request by promising the farmers will be rewarded with wealth after their service, and that while in the service they will be allowed to steal, rape, and murder to their heart’s content. Ulysses signs on because he is flattered the king considers him a friend. Michelangelo follows after confirming he will be allowed to act on his long catalog of violent fantasies. We watch the two over the course of their misadventures during the war, which they write about to their wives.
Michelangelo and Ulysses (and their wives) are idiots, and Godard uses them to reinforce just about every hostile bourgeois stereotype about the poor. They’re gullible and easily manipulated. By dint of their characters, they are chronically incapable of taking care of themselves—the shabbiness of the pair’s home and farm appears to be more the consequence of sloth and neglect than misfortune. They have no sense of value or thoughtfulness about the future; instead of seeing the king’s reward as an opportunity to build a better life for themselves, all they can think of are the luxury items they believe the money will enable them to buy. And of course, they’re innately vicious animals who feel no compunction about murder and are delighted at the prospect of committing rape. Michelangelo particularly enjoys holding women captive, lifting up their skirts with his rifle, and ordering them at gunpoint to strip. Implicit in all of this is the common upper-class prejudice that the poor, for the sake of their moral good, need to be worked to the point of collapse for minimal compensation, lest they have the freedom and money to indulge their true beastly selves. There’s no awareness whatsoever of the fact that the more affluent members of society can be at least as dangerously sociopathic as the poorer ones, or that many lower-income people are grounded, morally upright individuals with strong work ethics, as well as being devoted to building the best possible lives for themselves and their families. I’ve lived and worked among all classes of people, and I’ve known people without high-school diplomas who are more sensible, reliable, and intelligent than many of the multimillionaires and Ivy-League PhDs of my acquaintance. There’s good and bad in all walks of life.
Godard’s snobbish bigotry infects and undermines even the film’s most artful scenes. In one, Michelangelo sees his first movie. It’s a short-subject of an attractive woman preparing and taking a bath. However, it is discreetly staged and shot to avoid showing any real nudity. Michelngelo moves back and forth in the row of seats trying to see the woman after she’s walked out of the frame, and then jumps in front of the screen attempting to look down at her in the tub. He ultimately tears down the screen in frustration. When one considers this scene alongside Godard’s work in other films, it’s apparent that part of the aesthetic motive is to use Michelangelo’s reaction as an opportunity for slapstick commentary about how film redefines reality. But in the terms of this particular film, what comes across is Godard mocking the character as a pervy ignoramus who is so in thrall to lust that he’ll destroy anything in pursuit of gratifying it.
Or, to pick another example, consider the film’s most famous scene. Late in the picture, Michelangelo and Ulysses return home and show their wives the riches of the world they’ve gathered in their adventures. It’s a suitcase full of postcards showing assorted monuments, animals, and celebrities, and we’re treated to all of them in a superbly sustained ten-minute sequence. Godard is fond of inverting the Wallace Stevens notion of “not ideas about the thing but the thing itself.” With the characters in his films, it’s not the thing but the ideas of the thing that are important. It’s a charming, witty social critique when applied to people played by actors with the glamour of Jean-Paul Belmondo, Anna Karina, or Jean Seberg. Godard romanticizes and identifies with these figures, and the critique comes off as a perceptive acknowledgement of currents in contemporary culture. But when he applies it to dolts like these farmers and their wives, it comes across as a smirking, sneering “Ha ha ha, look at those stupid hicks.” The Coen brothers are the major purveyors of this brand of smug obnoxiousness in contemporary U.S. films, and I think even they’d find Godard’s venture into it embarrassing.
It’s interesting to compare Les Carabiniers to Stanley Kubrick’s Dr. Strangelove. The two films were made at approximately the same time, and both couch their anti-war satire in the context of slapstick farce. However, while Godard lampoons the soldiers, Kubrick focuses his attacks on the most powerful and privileged members of society: heads of state, generals, and other high-level government figures. By portraying such people as petty buffoons, he’s implicitly questioning their fitness for their positions and responsibilities. Given that the film’s nightmarish scenario is only a small leap from the Cold-War circumstances of the time, it’s impossible not to see it as a harsh broadside against those figures’ real-life counterparts—only fools and madmen could bring us to the cusp of the situation the film depicts. Kubrick does not show enlisted soldiers in Dr. Strangelove. The closest he comes is his portrayal of the subordinate officers Captain Mandrake, Major Kong, and Colonel Guano. Mandrake is the film’s lone voice of reason, and while Kong and Guano are clowns, their clownishness is a reflection of their unquestioning subservience to the monsters above them in the chain of command. Unlike Michelangelo and Ulysses, they’re not savages in search of an outlet for their criminal tendencies. Kubrick does what any good social critic does: he afflicts the powerful. Godard, on the other hand, provides aid and comfort to their bigotries. Les Carabiniers is an absolutely contemptible piece of work, and unworthy of its maker. There are things too odious for even the excuse of having a bad day.
Reviews by Robert Stanley Martin of other films directed by Jean-Luc Godard:



4 Comments
I want to maybe partially stick up for the Coen brothers. I don’t think they engage in the kind of sneering at the unwashed which you talk about here. On the contrary, they tend to romanticize the lower class — most obviously in O Brother Where Art Thou, but also in Raising Arizona. They also often seem to be dealing with tropes rather than humans…that is, they’re talking about the way people talk about class, rather than creating some kind of direct representation.
None of which is to get them off the hook entirely; O Brother Where Art Thou has serious problems…but I don’t think they’re quite as easily dismissible as you suggest here.
(Some more about the movie:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Carabineers
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838392,00.html )
An interesting argument about a film I haven’t seen. (Which isn’t going to stop me from looking askance at your perceptions; how many times have I read a review and been flabbergasted: “Did this guy see the same movie I did?”)
Considering Godard’s politics…
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He is often considered the most extreme or radical of the New Wave filmmakers. His films express his political ideologies as well as his knowledge of film history. In addition, Godard’s films often cite existentialism as he was an avid reader of existential and Marxist philosophy.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard
…is it so likely that he’s putting forth an “all peasants are brutal, moronic louts” argument? (Why, to a Marxist, the peasant is the epitome of down-to-earth wisdom and innate, uncorrupted natural nobility.) Or is he simply mocking two specific characters (does he show that everyone in the area they inhabit is similarly cloddish?) and the naively patriotic/vile attitudes that encourage people to unthinkingly sign up for wars?
The Wikipedia entry continues:
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Politics are never far from the surface in Godard’s films. One of his earliest features, Le Petit Soldat, dealt with the Algerian War of Independence, and was notable for its attempt to present the complexity of the dispute rather than pursue any specific ideological agenda. Along these lines, Les Carabiniers presents a fictional war that is initially romanticized in the way its characters approach their service, but becomes a stiff anti-war metonym…
In 1960s Paris, the political milieu was not overwhelmed by one specific movement. There was, however, a distinct post-war climate shaped by various international conflicts such as the colonialism in North Africa and Southeast Asia. The side that opposed such colonization included the majority of French workers, who belonged to the French communist party, and the Parisian artists and writers who positioned themselves on the side of social reform and class equality. A large portion of this group had a particular affinity for the teachings of Karl Marx…
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(Emphasis added)
Speaking of those “naively patriotic/vile attitudes that encourage people to unthinkingly sign up for wars,” couldn’t help but be reminded of Harry Harrison’s blackly humorous SF novel “Bill, the Galactic Hero,” whose bumpkin protagonist is likewise suckered into signing up; and this Iraq-War-related Tim Kreider cartoon, from 3/26/03:
http://i1123.photobucket.com/albums/l542/Mike_59_Hunter/Kreider-SupportOurTroops.jpg
Kreider explains:
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…I just couldn’t help but go for the “Support Our Troops” thing this week, because it’s the one one thing that everyone, pro- and anti-war, has to agree on. And anytime nobody’s willing to question or contradict something, you know that thing is a lie–propaganda, myth, or religion. I had sort of a great conversation with my friend Jim (pictured, w/ machine gun, in this cartoon) last week. I was fretting about how much more difficult and complicated it was going to be to oppose the war once it was a fait accompli and everyone started rallying around the President, supporting the troops.
“I don’t give a shit about the troops,” he said. “What, they didn’t think they might have to go kill people when they signed up? Then they’re idiots. And if they did, they’re assholes. Fuck the troops.”
This is the sort of thing even I would never say–not so much because I don’t think it’s true as because my own life has been so privileged that I feel like I don’t have the right to pass judgment on people who see the armed forces as their best opportunity. And I have a couple of friends who’ve been in the military–smarter, kinder guys than whom you are unlikely to meet. I am not the sort of person who’d spit on returning troops. It’s not their fault. Plus I am way too polite. Still, it’s always exhilarating just to hear the unspeakable, taboo thing said out loud…
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Robert Stanley Martin:
There’s no awareness whatsoever [in Les Carabiniers] of the fact that the more affluent members of society can be at least as dangerously sociopathic as the poorer ones, or that many lower-income people are grounded, morally upright individuals with strong work ethics, as well as being devoted to building the best possible lives for themselves and their families…There’s good and bad in all walks of life.
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So Godard should, instead of focusing on the microcosm of those two characters, have done a sweepingly comprehensive look at all the strata of society involved in that war and their various degrees of culpability; included a wide variety of “types” among the soldiers; shown that even in the “boonies” where the protagonists dwelt, there were plenty of fine, upstanding folk?
That would certainly have been a more fair-minded approach. (With “a cast of thousands”!) Yet, would it have had the acidic force and simple, fable-like structure that Les Carabiniers apparently has? It’d have been an utterly different thing entirely. ..
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Kubrick does what any good social critic does: he afflicts the powerful. Godard, on the other hand, provides aid and comfort to their bigotries.
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…Like any good Marxist would?
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Noah Berlatsky says:
…I want to maybe partially stick up for the Coen brothers. I don’t think they engage in the kind of sneering at the unwashed which you talk about here. On the contrary, they tend to romanticize the lower class…
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Other examples of their admiration for folks who are hardly citified sophisticates are the pregnant woman cop in “Fargo” and Tommy Lee Jones’ sheriff in “No Country for Old Men”; Marva Munson, “a well-meaning, God-fearing elderly widow”* in “The Ladykillers”; all exemplars of unpretentious, down-home decency…
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ladykillers_%282004_film%29
I think the film is dead-on insightful. The working class was routinely mythologized as an infallible reservoir of decency in the left-leaning culture of the time.
Godard exposes the capacity for stupidity and evil in these lumpen jerks.
‘Hitler’s Willing Executioners’ is a book that looks closely at this hideous phenomenon.
That said…we mustn’t forget that Godard was a product of the Swiss bourgeoisie.
Yes; while there may be oases of tolerance and open-mindedness among backwoods folk, as a group — whether in the USA or the Middle East — they are reactionary, religiously fundamentalist, closed-minded, intolerant, believe women should have “traditional” roles (an unpaid slave waiting hand-and-foot on the Ruler of the Household and his kids)…
Re the Nazi genocide, the German troops were eagerly aided by anti-Semitic peasants in Poland and other countries. But then, it wasn’t just the left-leaning who idealized the peasantry:
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Peasants were the Nazi cultural heroes, who held charge of German racial stock and German history. …
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_and_soil
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Nazi Agricultural Policy
Peasants had supported the regime from the start. The Nazis saw them as the back-bone of the German race – the ‘blood and soil ideology.’
Aims:
- To make Germany self-sufficient.
- To protect the peasantry and to create a healthy peasant class – the key to Germany’s racial health.
Action taken:
1 Tariffs were introduced (made imports more expensive).
2 Farms could not be re-possessed if in debt.
3 ‘Reich Food Estate’ was set up to co-ordinate farming and food production.
4 Action was taken to protect medium-sized peasant farms – the ‘blood-spring’ of the nation.
5 1933 – Reich Entailed Farm Law – protected peasant holdings – limited the sale and division of peasant plots…
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http://tinyurl.com/3fp9kc5
The mention that “Godard was a product of the Swiss bourgeoisie” serves as a cue. I’d been wanting to bring up Buñuel’s “The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie.” The Wikipedia entry of the movie mentions how “Buñuel…exposes their sense of entitlement, their hypocrisy, and their corruption…”
Now, should we be outraged that Buñuel doesn’t play fair? Can someone critically trash the film, arguing in outrage that “I’ve known members of the bourgeoisie who are more sensible, reliable, and intelligent than many of the inbred hillbillies and Deep South Bible-thumpers of my acquaintance”?